Winding dark, atmospheric lyrics with a fierce spiritual bent around elements of vintage folk and gospel music as well as rootsy rock & roll, Wovenhand was founded by David Eugene Edwards, formerly the frontman with brooding alt-country act 16 Horsepower. In 2001, 16 Horsepower went on hiatus, and as the group pondered a new creative direction, Edwards launched Wovenhand, built around similar musical and thematic frameworks but with a more powerful and personal approach. Edwards initially formed Wovenhand as a trio with multi-instrumentalist Daniel McMahon and guitarist Steve Taylor (also a member of 16 Horsepower), though soon the lineup would expand to include Ordy Garrison on drums and Paul Fonfara on cello. (For live work, Shane Trost subbed for Fonfara on cello.) Edwards played nearly all the instruments on Wovenhand's first album in 2002, released by Glitterhouse in Europe and Sounds Familyre in the United States. In 2003, Edwards reworked several pieces from the Wovenhand debut for a Belgian dance troupe, and the results were released on the album Blush Music. For 2004's Consider the Birds, Wovenhand contrasted Edwards' solo material with tracks that featured a full band, while for live shows Wovenhand was a duo consisting of Edwards and Garrison.nn The additional musicians played a larger role on 2006's Mosaic, the first Wovenhand album after 16 Horsepower officially retired in 2005; the album also saw the departure of Daniel McMahon, and guitarist Peter van Laerhoven joined the group, while another 16 Horsepower veteran, Pascal Humbert, signed on as bassist. While Wovenhand initially functioned much like a David Eugene Edwards solo project, 2008's Ten Stones found the group sharing songwriting credits for the first time, as well as recording as a band throughout. Edwards went back to writing the material on his own for 2010's The Threshingfloor, and the group supported the album's release with a handful of dates opening for Tool. In 2012, Edwards was invited to perform as part of a reunion tour for the acclaimed Australian alternative rock band Crime & the City Solution, and Alexander Hacke, a former member of Einstürzende Neubauten who also took part in the CATCS tour, joined Edwards in the studio to produce Wovenhand's 2012 release, The Laughing Stalk, which featured Garrison on drums, Chuck French on guitar, and Gregory Garcia, Jr. on bass. Refractory Obdurate, with Edwards accompanied by Garrison, French, and new bassist Neil Keener, was released in 2014, followed in 2016 by Star Treatment, the latter of which was recorded at Steve Albini's Electrical Audio studio with hard-hitting metal producer Sandford Parker. ~ Mark Deming